定語從句：先行詞的應(yīng)用方法

定語從句：先行詞的應(yīng)用方法。先行詞是定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞前面的名詞,在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱為先行詞。具體內(nèi)容如下：

一：定語從句之先行詞

1、先行詞指人時，引導(dǎo)詞可用Who,Whom,及that,其中當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中作主語時用Who或that;當(dāng)其充當(dāng)賓語時用whom或that，在非正式賓語中也可用who，也可省略。 a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom. b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. b 句可改為：The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.

2、先行詞指物時，引導(dǎo)詞用that或which a.They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.

3、先行詞指時間時，引導(dǎo)詞用When/on which或in which a.I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing. b.I'll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm.

4、先行詞指地點時，引導(dǎo)詞用Where或in which This is the house where/in which we lived last year. 或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.

5、whose在定語從句中作定語時，可用來指人，也可以用來指物，如: a.This is the boy whose mother died a month ago. b.This is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成： This is the house the windoues of which were broken.

6、先行詞表示原因時，引導(dǎo)詞用why,如: The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.

二、物殊情況： 盡管有以上基本原則，但要學(xué)好定語從句更應(yīng)注意以下特殊情況;

Ⅰ、當(dāng)定語從句的先行詞為表示人的不定代詞，如 anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,all， these ，those等時,用who而不用that Those who break the rule are pulished. Anybody who had eyes could see the elephant was like a snake.

Ⅱ.以who或which作主語的特殊疑問句中先行詞指人，引導(dǎo)詞只用That,如: a.Who is the person that is standing at the gate ? b.Which of you that knows something about English doesn’t know this word?

Ⅲ、先行詞指物時引導(dǎo)詞用that而不用which的情況:

1、先行詞有序數(shù)詞或形容詞較高級修飾時， This is the best composition that has been written in English.

2、先行詞是all,something,anything,nothing,everything,little,few,much等不定代詞時 There is nothing/little/much that we can do for her.

3、先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修飾時 I’ve read all the books that you gave me.

4、先行詞被the only/very等修飾時 This is the very/last place that they visited yesterday.

5、有兩個以上先行詞，分別表示人或物時 They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.

6、先行詞為基數(shù)時 Yesterday I caught two fish,Now you can see the two that are still alive in a basin of water. Ⅳ.time為先行詞時，前邊如有序數(shù)詞修飾時，定語從句引導(dǎo)詞用that或什么也不用，如沒序數(shù)詞修飾時，用when或that均可 a.This is the last time(that)I shall give you a lesson.

先行詞指人時，引導(dǎo)詞可用Who,Whom,及that,其中當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中作主語時用Who或that;當(dāng)其充當(dāng)賓語時用whom或that，在非正式賓語中也可用who，也可省略。

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