1、帶有較多成分的簡(jiǎn)單句。

任務(wù)：a.請(qǐng)勾畫(huà)出句子主謂，在翻譯句子。 b. 判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?/p>

1) Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used.

例如，決定選擇家庭電視節(jié)目和婦女雜志后，牙膏經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商還必須挑選出要用的確切的電視節(jié)目和電視臺(tái)，以及那些具體的婦女雜志。

2、含有多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的并列句。

任務(wù)：a. 請(qǐng)勾畫(huà)出并列連詞 b. 勾畫(huà)出所有分句的主謂，在翻譯句子。

2)In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.在20世紀(jì)70年代，他在耶魯當(dāng)外科醫(yī)生，有位出色的太太和5個(gè)漂亮的孩子，但他那時(shí)過(guò)得卻很不開(kāi)心。

3)Discrimination isn’t their only concern;almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington’s gene(基因) develops symptoms during middle age，and doctors can do nothing to help.

擔(dān)心受到歧視并不是他們的憂慮，幾乎所有遺傳性亨廷頓病基因檢測(cè)呈陽(yáng)性的人在中年時(shí)癥狀都會(huì)顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)，而醫(yī)生對(duì)此卻無(wú)能為力。

3、包含多個(gè)從句的復(fù)合句。

任務(wù)：a. 請(qǐng)用不同形式勾畫(huà)出所有從句 b. 圈出從句修飾的詞，并判斷從句性質(zhì)，在翻譯句子。

4)I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our children may have to lead poorer lives.

我不能總是生活在對(duì)這種可能性的憂慮中：由于地球上人口的不斷增長(zhǎng)，由于我們正在消耗掉越來(lái)越多的非再生資源，我們的孩子可能不得不過(guò)著更加貧窮的生活。

5)However，those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers(機(jī)會(huì)) are relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students(文科生) graduate with the belief that the prospective(預(yù)期的) workplace may not have a place for them. 然而，我們這些有這個(gè)年齡段孩子的家長(zhǎng)們都知道，這樣的機(jī)會(huì)少得可憐;我們也知道，許多文科畢業(yè)生認(rèn)為未來(lái)的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)沒(méi)有他們的一席之地。

4. 并列句中包含復(fù)合句。

任務(wù)：a. 請(qǐng)勾畫(huà)出并列連詞， b. 勾畫(huà)出并列分句中的從句。 c.圈出從句修飾的詞，并判斷從句性質(zhì)。

6) I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse，but I have never questioned the fact that whether I liked it or not，change was unavoidable.我經(jīng)歷過(guò)好的變化，也經(jīng)歷過(guò)壞的變化，但是我從來(lái)沒(méi)有懷疑過(guò)這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即不管我喜歡與否，變化總是不可避免的。

5、含有多個(gè)插入成分或分隔成分的句子。

任務(wù)：a. 請(qǐng)將插入成分劃掉，再來(lái)翻譯句子。

7)His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system.他在電子郵件的地獄之旅是糊里糊涂開(kāi)始的。作為國(guó)際計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)合公司這家軟件公司的董事長(zhǎng)，他當(dāng)時(shí)還是第一次聽(tīng)說(shuō)他的雇員們是多么快地就接受了他們公司的新的電子郵件系統(tǒng)。

1、首先確定句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句或并列句。

2、如果是簡(jiǎn)單句，首先確定主謂結(jié)構(gòu);接著確定次要成分。

3、如果是并列句，首先應(yīng)找出并列連詞并把全句分解為若干個(gè)分句，有時(shí)候并列分句中含有復(fù)合句。

4、如果是復(fù)合句，首先找出連詞并確定主句;然后確定從句的性質(zhì)，即該從句在句中修飾什么詞語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu);最后整體考慮全句大意，尤其要注意對(duì)修飾語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確判斷，有時(shí)候從句中包含著另一從句。

6、有分隔成分或插入語(yǔ)的，可以跳讀分隔符號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容，過(guò)后再來(lái)理解。

在分析句子成分時(shí)，還應(yīng)特別注意下列幾點(diǎn)：

1、是否有同位語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)。

2、是否有省略、倒裝和分隔等現(xiàn)象。

3、替代詞的所指對(duì)象。

4、在從句多的句子中，從句中又包含從句的現(xiàn)象。

5、同時(shí)含有并列句和復(fù)合句時(shí)，理清句子層次。

1.
It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime.

由于因特網(wǎng)的使用，計(jì)算所使用的紙張的數(shù)量是很難的，然而幾乎任何在辦公室工作的人能告訴你，當(dāng)引進(jìn)電子郵件后，打印機(jī)就開(kāi)始超時(shí)工作。

2.

Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.

這些術(shù)語(yǔ)，主要從英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)引入，經(jīng)常會(huì)變成不再被說(shuō)本族語(yǔ)的人們理解的形式。

3.

Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who was a lively interest in their pet, whether it be a cat 、dog or snake!

來(lái)自動(dòng)物醫(yī)院(這個(gè)電視節(jié)目)的故事(這本書(shū))，將使這個(gè)電視節(jié)目的愛(ài)好者以及

對(duì)無(wú)論是貓、狗還是蛇這類(lèi)寵物有濃厚興趣的任何人感到高興

4.

With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA) in salt Lake City.

據(jù)鹽湖城的ITA的觀點(diǎn)，閃爍的棕色眼睛，搖著尾巴，并有無(wú)條件的愛(ài)心，狗能成為無(wú)判斷力的(忠實(shí)的)聽(tīng)者，這是剛開(kāi)始搞閱讀的小孩所需要的。

5.

Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred. (NMET2003. A篇)

這個(gè)島嶼，于1506年被同名的葡萄牙上將發(fā)現(xiàn)，在1810年有人居住，現(xiàn)在屬于英國(guó)，人口數(shù)有幾百人。

6.

They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.(NMET2003.A篇)

他們已有一千多年與外界沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，這給他們充足的時(shí)間來(lái)修建1000多座巨大的石像，被稱為莫艾，因?yàn)橛羞@個(gè)東西這個(gè)島嶼極其出名。

7.

Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.

一個(gè)女人*親密的女性朋友可能是第*個(gè)告訴她離開(kāi)一次失敗的婚姻;而聽(tīng)見(jiàn)一個(gè)

男人說(shuō)直到他的朋友一天晚上問(wèn)他是否可以睡在他家的沙發(fā)上他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，這是很平常的。

簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜多種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)not unusual=usual; not…until…，直到…才…。

8.

Whereas(但是) a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.(NMET2001. E篇)

一個(gè)女人*親密的女性朋友可能是第*個(gè)告訴她離開(kāi)一次失敗的婚姻;而聽(tīng)見(jiàn)一個(gè)

男人說(shuō)直到他的朋友一天晚上問(wèn)他是否可以睡在他家的沙發(fā)上他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，這是很平常的。

簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜多種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)not unusual=usual; not…until…，直到…才…。

9.

Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.

他禁不住尋思起來(lái)，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有條船，他用無(wú)線電能聯(lián)系上的最近的人遠(yuǎn)在885英里以外的島上。

10.

How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, who I would have to spend the rest of the year with? (NMET2000)

我怎么才能讓父親卸完車(chē)上的行李而不向我大喊大叫，在其他女孩子面前出洋相呢?我還要和這些女孩一起度過(guò)以后的日子。

11.

The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.(NMET 96)

衡量一個(gè)人真正品質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看如果他知道他不會(huì)被別人發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況下他會(huì)做些什么事。

12.

Such tasks are generally important in their outcome，which only adds to the pressure to do good job，and yet their very complexity makes it difficult to know just where or how to begin.

這些任務(wù)的結(jié)果通常都很重要，這為做好工作增加了壓力，然而這些任務(wù)的復(fù)雜性使人很難知道該從何處開(kāi)始和怎樣開(kāi)始。這是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句。在第*個(gè)并列分句中，有一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但它不修飾outcome，而是修飾前面的整個(gè)分句。后一并列分句中有一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，實(shí)際賓語(yǔ)為帶有連接副詞的　　不定式短語(yǔ)。

13.

Today it is not unusual for a student，even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer，to have $5,000 in loans(貸款) after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation.

一個(gè)學(xué)生即使在上課期間做兼職工作，在暑假期間做全職工作，四年下來(lái)他仍會(huì)欠下5，000美元學(xué)費(fèi)貸款，而這筆錢(qián)必須在畢業(yè)后一年內(nèi)開(kāi)始償還。這樣的事現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是很平常了。

分析本句應(yīng)抓住其關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)：it is not unusual for a student to have $5,000 in loans after four years。it是形式主語(yǔ)，實(shí)際主語(yǔ)為由for引出邏輯主語(yǔ)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)for a student to have $5,000 in loans after four years。這里應(yīng)注意not unusual是雙重否定，實(shí)際表示肯定含義。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer被插在不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中。破折號(hào)引出帶形容詞從句的同位語(yǔ)。由于for到句末是一個(gè)完整的內(nèi)容，因此翻譯中將他們連在一起，而把it is not unusual分譯。

14.

What emerges(浮現(xiàn)) is a picture of an environment where the emphasis is on managing the technology as it spies on people doing their jobs，rather than promoting quality service to customers and providing a fair workplace.

這就勾畫(huà)出了這樣一種工作環(huán)境，在這種環(huán)境中，只重視科技手段對(duì)員工工作的監(jiān)視作用，而不考慮提高客戶服務(wù)質(zhì)量和提高公平的工作場(chǎng)所。

本句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是What emerges is a picture，主語(yǔ)What emerges本身即為一個(gè)從句。在說(shuō)明picture的介詞短語(yǔ)中還有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾environment，在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中又有一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句修飾managing，介詞on后有三個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作其賓語(yǔ)，分別為：managing，promoting和providing。

15.

Without this knowledge we can appreciate only the formal content of Egyptian art, and we will fail to understand why it was produced or the concepts that shaped it and caused it to adopt its distinctive forms.

本句是由兩個(gè)并列句構(gòu)成的，Without this knowledge 是狀語(yǔ)，主句是we can appreciate only the formal content of Egyptian art, and we will fail to understand why or the concepts，就是說(shuō)我們只能在形式上理解埃及的藝術(shù)，不能理解為什么埃及藝術(shù)會(huì)是這樣和內(nèi)容會(huì)是這樣的，在why后面的從句和concepts后面各有一個(gè)句子來(lái)具體講它們的內(nèi)容，頻繁出現(xiàn)的and擾亂了同學(xué)們對(duì)于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的把握。concepts后面 that引導(dǎo)的 shaped it and caused it to adopt its distinctive forms.都是用來(lái)修飾concepts的。在第二個(gè)并列分句中賓語(yǔ)非常長(zhǎng)，使用了層層追加修飾的方法，使句子變得難于理解。

譯文：

沒(méi)有這些知識(shí)，我們對(duì)于古埃及藝術(shù)的欣賞就僅僅局限在形式上，而無(wú)法理解這種藝術(shù)為什么會(huì)被創(chuàng)造出來(lái)，以及決定藝術(shù)品采用某種特殊形式的內(nèi)在理念。